The Influence of the Health Belief Model on Preventive Behavior Tertiary in the Elderly with Hypertension in Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.04.05Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases among older adults and contributes substantially to the development of complications and a decline in quality of life. Tertiary prevention is therefore crucial to slow disease progression. This study aimed to analyze the influence of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs on tertiary prevention behaviors among older adults with hypertension.
Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. The respondents consisted of 200 older adults with hypertension in Cirebon Regency, selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Multivariate data analysis was conducted using path analysis to identify both direct and indirect effects among variables.
Results: Perceived benefits were found to have a direct effect on tertiary prevention behaviors among older adults with hypertension (b= 0.17; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.30; p= 0.023), as was self-efficacy (b= 0.14; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.27; p= 0.036). In contrast, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action influenced tertiary prevention behaviors indirectly. The resulting path model demonstrated a good level of model fit.
Conclusion: Health Belief Model constructs can be utilized as a behavioral approach to enhance adherence to tertiary prevention behaviors among older adults with hypertension. HBM-based interventions that consider individual perceptions and social support are recommended as effective strategies in geriatric health care services.
Keywords:
hypertension, elderly, Health Belief Model, tertiary prevention behavior
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