Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Screening Participation among Women of Childbearing Age in Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia : A Health Belief Model Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.04.09Abstract
Background: Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a screening test that aims to detect precancerous cervical lesions and early cervical cancer in women who appear normal and asymptomatic. However, VIA coverage in various regions in Indonesia is very low and far from the national target. This study aims to analyze the application of the Health Belief Model on the participation of women of childbearing age in VIA examinations.
Subjects and Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used. The subjects were married women of childbearing age in Tulungagung Regency, selected using a multistage random sampling method, totaling 210 individuals. The instrument used was a research questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis used multivariate path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects between variables.
Results: There was a direct and significant effect of cues to action (OR= 5.26; CI 95% 1.58 to 17.48; p=0.007) and self-efficacy (OR= 4.01; 95% CI 1.19 to 13.39; p=0.025) towards participation in VIA screening among women of childbearing age. Perceived susceptibility (OR= 4.11; 95% CI 1.61 to 10.49; p=0.003), perceived severity (OR= 0.11; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.51; p=0.005), perceived barriers (OR= 0.08; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.21; p<0.001), perceived benefits (OR= 17.55; 95% CI 4.58 to 67.19; p<0.001), and cues to action (OR= 8.02; 95% CI 3.16 to 20.31; p<0.001) had an indirect effect on the participation of women of childbearing age in VIA screening through self-efficacy.
Conclusion: There is a direct effect of cues to action and self-efficacy on the participation of women of childbearing age in VIA screening. There is an indirect effect of perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and cues to action on the participation of women of childbearing age in VIA screening through self-efficacy.
Keywords:
Health Belief Model, visual inspection with acetic acid, women of reproductive age
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References
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