Implementation of Social Cognitive Theory on Smoking Cessation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.01.04Abstract
Background: Most people have understood the negative effects of smoking behavior, but not all of them can make the decision to stop the behavior. Like smoking behavior, quitting smoking is also influenced by various factors. This study aimed to analyze smoking cessation behavior in individuals who have quit smoking through Social Cognitive Theory in the Semarang City area.
Subjects and Method: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design involving as many as 205 participants, including 123 active smokers and 82 who had quit smoking. This research was conducted in the Semarang City area, Central Java. This research was conducted in March-April 2024. The sample was selected using fixed disease sampling for active smoking participants and snowball sampling for participants who had quit smoking. The dependent variable is smoking cessation behavior. The independent variables are expectation of results, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and strengthening. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and the data was analyzed using a path analysis model.
Results: Smoking cessation behavior increased with high self-efficacy (OR= 19.99; 95% CI= 7.46 to 53.62; p<0.001) and strong self-regulation (OR= 3.05; 95% CI= 1.51 to 6.13; p= 0.002). Self-efficacy increased with the expectation of positive results (OR= 8.64; 95% CI= 4.52 to 16.52; p<0.001) and strong self-regulation increases with strengthening (OR = 3.61; 95% CI= 1.99 to 6.53; p<0.001). Thus, social cognitive theory can be used to explain and predict smoking cessation behavior.
Conclusion: Smoking cessation behavior increases with high self-efficacy, strong self-regulation, positive outcome expectations, and strengthening. Thus, social cognitive theory can be used to explain and predict smoking cessation behavior.
Keywords: social cognitive theory, smoking cessation, early adulthood.
Keywords:
social cognitive theory, smoking cessation, early adulthoodReferences
Aftrinanto Z (2021). Dampak psikologis akibat merokok (Psychological impact of smoking). RSUD Cilacap.
Agustin RN (2019). contextual effect of school and other determinants of non-smoking behavior among high school students in Bantul, Yogyakarta: a multilevel analysis. J Health Promot Behav. 4(4): 274–286. Doi: 10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.04.04
Alanazi AM (2022). Effects of abstinence self-efficacy and outcome expectan-cies of tobacco smoking on the desire to quit among Saudi women: a cross-sectional mediation analysis. Tob Use Insights. 15(1). 1179173X2210755. Doi: 10.1177/1179173x221075581
Anwar S, Kurdi M (2020). Penerapan sistem absensi finger print terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui displin kerja di Dinas Kependudukan Dan Penca-tatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumenep Gana-ya: J Ilmu Sosial Humaniora. 3(2): 404–410.
Arlinta D (2023, January 5). Berhenti merokok tidak mustahil. Kompas.
Arifian I S (2020). Meta-analysis: the effect of active smokers in pregnant women on low birth weight. Childhood Stunt-ing, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Cri-tical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions. Doi: 10.-26911/the7thicph.03.132.
Baker S (2019). Promoting children’s healthy habits through self-regulation via parenting. In Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 22(1): 52–62. Springer New York LLCDoi: 10.-1007/s10567-019-00280-6.
Chean KY (2019). Barriers to smoking cessation: A qualitative study from the perspective of primary care in Malay-sia. In BMJ Open. 9(7). BMJ Publish-ing Group. Doi: 10.1136/-bmjopen-2018-025491.
Dimopoulou E (2016). Self-efficacy and collective efficacy beliefs of teachers of pupils with autism in the UK.
Fauziyyah JN (2022). Meta-analysis: hyp-notherapy and its effect on quitting smoking behavior. J Health Promot Behav. 04(1): 273–283. Doi: 10.-26911/thejhpb.2022.07.04.01
Fitri R (2022). Bimbingan kelompok untuk mereduksi perilaku merokok remaja Kampung Sukarame Kecamatan Gunung Labuhan Kabupaten Way Kanan. Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung.
Heris CL (2023). Don’t follow the smoke—listening to the tobacco experiences and attitudes of urban Aboriginal adolescents in the study of environ-ment on Aboriginal resilience and child health (SEARCH). Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(5). Doi: 10.-3390/ijerph20054587
Lopez RB (2022). Brief training in regu-lation of craving reduces cigarette smoking. J Subst Abuse Treat. 138(1). Doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108749
Melizza N (2020). Smoking behavior, per-ceived self-efficacy, and motivation of smoking cessation among university student. Article in Int J Health Scien-ces. Doi: 10.15640/ijhs.v8-n1a5
Murti B, Ayuningrum I (2019). Aplikasi path analysis dan structural equation model dengan stata. Karanganyar: Bintang Fajar Offset.
Pereira MO (2020). Motivation and difficulties to reduce or quit smoking. Rev Bras Enferm. 73(1). Doi: 10.-1590/0034-7167-2018-0188
Putra A (2023). Meta-analysis: effects of peer, family, and school environment on smoking behavior in adolescents. J Health Promot Behav. 8(4): 316–328. Doi: 10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.04.08
Sanggu E, Wibowo AT (2023). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecenderungan merokok pada maha-siswa Program Studi Ilmu Keolah-ragaan Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. JSH: J Sport Health. 4(2): 100–109.
Sitinjak NE (2018). Perilaku berhenti merokok pada remaja menurut teori health belief model. STIKES. 11(2): 3–12.
Suryawati I, Gani A (2022). Analisis faktor penyebab perilaku merokok (Analysis of factors causing smoking behavior). J Keperawatan Silampari. 6(1): 497–505. Doi: 10.31539/jks.v6i1.3743
Wang SD (2021). Impact of self-efficacy on daily intention to not smoke. Addic-tive Behaviors. 118(1). Doi: 10.-1016/j.addbeh.2021.106877
Watkins SL (2020). Real-world effective-ness of smoking cessation strategies for young and older adults: findings from a nationally representative cohort. Society Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 22(9): 1560–1568. Doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz223/5660956
WHO (2018). Factsheet 2018 Indonesia. http://www.searo.who.int/tobacco/data/ino_rtc_reports,
WHO (2021). GATS. Global adult tobacco survey Fact Sheet Indonesia 2021 GATS Objectives.
WHO. (2023). World health statistics 2023 monitoring health for the SDGS sustainable development goals health for all. https://www.who.int/publica-tions/book-orders.
Yu C (2019). School climate, loneliness and problematic online game use among chinese adolescents: the moderating effect of intentional self-regulation. Front Public Health. 7 (APRDoi: 10.-3389/fpubh.2019.00090.
