Application of Social Cognitive Theory to Promote Healthy Behavior Among the Elderly at Integrated Health Post for Elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.02.04Abstract
Background: The results of a survey by the Central Statistics Agency in 2021 reported that as many as 42.22% of the elderly population in Indonesia experience health problems. One of the factors that determines healthy behavior in the elderly is implementing healthy behavior. This study aims to examine the application of social cognitive theory as a determinant of healthy behavior of the elderly in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at integrated health post (posyandu) in Grogol, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, in June-July 2024. A sample of 200 elderly was selected purposively. Five villages were randomly selected. From each village, 6 primary strata Posyandu, 6 intermediate strata Posyandu, 6 purnama strata Posyandu, and 7 independent Posyandu were chosen. Then, from each selected Posyandu, 8 elderly individuals were randomly selected. The dependent variable is healthy behavior in the elderly. The independent variables are a number of constructs in social cognitive theory, namely observational learning, outcome expectation, outcome expectancy, reinforcement, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression.
Results: Healthy behaviors increased with observational learning (b= 0.17; 95% CI= 0.12 to 0.43; p= 0.001), outcome expectation (b=0.24; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.473; p= 0.036), outcome expectancy (b= 0.36; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.68; p= 0.025), reinforcement (b= 0.36; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.84; p= 0.013), and self efficacy (b= 0.55; 95% CI= 0.19 to 0.91; p= 0.003).
Conclusion: Healthy behavior in the elderly is positively associated with observational learning, outcome expectation, outcome expectancy, reinforcement, and self efficacy.
Keywords:
social cognitive theory, observational learning, outcome expectation, self-efficacyReferences
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Jumlah Pen-duduk Jawa Tengah (Central Java Population). https://jateng.bps.go.id /id/statistics-table/2/NzY2IzI=/jum-lah-penduduk-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-jawa-tengah.html
Baird JF, Silveira SL, Motl RW (2021). Social cognitive theory and physical activity in older adults with multiple sclerosis. Int J Care, 23(1): 21–25. htt-ps://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2019-071.
Borhaninejad V, Iranpour A, Shati M, Tahami AN, Yousefzadeh G, Fada-yevatan R (2017). Predictors of self-care among the elderly with diabetes type 2: using social cognitive theory. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res. 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08-.017.
Chia F, Huang WY, Huang H, Wu CE (2023). Promoting healthy behaviors in older adults to optimize health-promoting lifestyle: An intervention study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(2): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ij-erph2002 1628
Houston D, Neiberg R, Chen SH, Miller M, Kitzman D, Rejeski W, Messier S, Ni-cklas B (2023). Physical activity and weight loss maintenance in older adul-ts: long-term follow-up data from five randomized trials. Innovation in Aging, 7(1): 390–390. https://doi.o-rg/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1291
Hughes J, Hughes S, Raj M, Bettger J. (2020). The Importance of studying health behavior in older adults. Inno-vation in Aging, 4(1): 827–827. http-s://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057-.3020
Islam KF, Awal A, Mazumder H, Munni U R, Majumder K, Afroz K, Tabassum MN, et al. (2023). Social cognitive theory-based health promotion in primary care practice: A scoping re-view. Heliyon, 9(4): 1-7. https://doi.-org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14889
Lestari AR (2023). Penerapan teknik rein-forcement positif dalam mengurangi perilaku agresif pada anak di Panti Sosial Perlindungan Dan Petirahan So-sial Anak (Psppsa)“Sasambo Matupa” ."Sasambo Matupa") (Doctoral disser-tation, UIN Mataram).
Manjarres NI, Onofre DJ, Benavides RA. (2020). Social cognitive theory and he-alth care: analysis and evaluation. Int J Soc Sci, 8(4): 132. https://doi.org/ 10.11114/ijsss.v8i4.4870
Marczak E, Yawson RM. (2021). Unders-tanding the theories and interventions of motivation in organization deve-lopment. In Responsible Management: Opportunities and Challenges. Procee-dings of 58th Annual Conference of the Eastern Academy of Management. Virtual.
Moghaddam F, Sargeran K, Gholami M, Jamali J, Shamshiri A (2023). Social cognitive predictors of regular dental visits and mouth self-examination be-haviors among the elderly population: An application of the health action process approach model. PLoS ONE, 18(11): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0293843
Muzayanah IF, Lean HH, Hartono D, In-draswari KD, Partama R. (2022). Po-pulation density and energy consum-ption: A study in Indonesian provinces. Heliyon, 8(9): 1-5. https://doi.o-rg/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10634
Putri M. (2018). Faktor faktor yang ber-pengaruh terhadap niat keaktifan lansia dalam mengikuti posyandu lansia. Jurnal Promkes, 6(2): 213–225.
Ramona D, Rendranandini W, Putra R, Khairullah, Komalasari D, Pristianto Wahyuni (2023). Penyuluhan fisio-terapi mengenai low back pain di posyandu lansia “Aisyiyah” surakarta (Physiotherapy counseling on low back pain at the "Aisyiyah" elderly posyandu in Surakarta). Jurnal Altifani, 3(5). https://doi.org/10.25008/altifani.v-3i5.486
Sahinoz T, and Sahinoz S. (2020). Inves-tigation of healthy living strategies in elderly who achieved to live long and healthy. Pak J Med Sci, 36(3): 371.
Siahaan RHB, Utomo W, and Herlina H. (2022). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dan Efikasi Diri dengan Motivasi Lansia Hipertensi Dalam Mengontrol Tekanan Darah (Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dan Efikasi Diri dengan Motivasi Lansia Hipertensi Dalam Mengontrol Tekanan Darah). Holistic Nursing and Health Science, 5(1), 43-53.
Wibowo RAY, Ratnamiasih I (2024). Peng-aruh Expectancy, Instrumentality, Dan Valence Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pada Uptd Pengelolaan Sampah Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bandung (The Effect of Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence on Employee Job Satisfaction at the Bandung City Environmental Agency Waste Management Unit) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Pasundan Bandung).
Xiao SBiY, Chen W (2024). What factors preventing the older adults in China from living longer: a machine learning study. BMC geriatrics, 24(1), 625.
